Harihar Prasad v. State of Bihar

AIR 1972 Supreme Court 1555Supreme Court of India1972Interpretation of Statutes
contemporanea-expositioadministrative-practiceexternal-aidslong-standing-usage

Rule established

The principle of contemporanea expositio (interpretation by usage or practice contemporaneous with the enactment) is a valid aid to statutory interpretation.

Facts

  • Dispute over mining lease renewal under Bihar mining regulations
  • Administrative authorities had consistently followed a particular interpretation for decades
  • Petitioner challenged that interpretation

Issue

  1. Whether long-standing administrative practice can be used as an aid to interpret ambiguous statutory provisions.

Held

  • Contemporanea expositio is a legitimate external aid
  • Where administrative practice is long, uniform, and consistent, it carries persuasive weight
  • Particularly relevant when private rights have crystallised based on that practice
  • Appeal dismissed

Ratio Decidendi

A contemporaneous and consistent interpretation placed on a statute by the executive, acquiesced in by the legislature for a long period, is entitled to great weight as an aid to construction of ambiguous provisions.

How to use it in an exam

  • Authority for contemporanea expositio as external aid
  • Useful for IoS Part B on external aids
  • Key line: "In Harihar Prasad v. State of Bihar (1972), the Supreme Court held that long-standing administrative practice is a valid aid to statutory interpretation under the principle of contemporanea expositio."

Source

Source: AIR 1972 SC 1555

This is an educational summary, not the judgment itself. Cite the reported version in professional or academic work.

Cited in study notes

Interpretation of StatutesInternal AidsContemporanea expositio as interpretive aid
Interpretation of StatutesExternal AidsLong-standing administrative practice as external aid